1. The Louvre Palace

Originally constructed as a fortress by Philip II in the late 12th century, the Louvre in Paris was transformed into a royal palace during the reign of Charles V (1364–1380), in the heart of the Hundred Years’ War.

Charles V’s vision was to turn the Louvre from a military stronghold into a comfortable and magnificent royal residence. His building program included the construction of the Great Hall and the library, reflecting his patronage of the arts and learning even amidst war.

The Louvre became a political and cultural center, symbolizing French royal authority during the conflict. Its fortifications remained robust, given the ongoing threat of English attacks on Paris.

2. Palais de la Cité

The Palais de la Cité was the principal residence of the French kings in medieval Paris before the Louvre’s transformation. Situated on the Île de la Cité, it was the seat of royal administration and justice.

During the Hundred Years’ War, the palace was central to French governance and royal court life. It witnessed the rule of King John II and Charles V, and suffered damage during various episodes of unrest and siege.

3. Château de Vincennes

Located to the east of Paris, the Château de Vincennes was an important fortified royal residence. The massive keep, built in the 14th century, was one of the tallest medieval fortified structures in Europe.

The castle was used as a royal residence and military fortress during the war. Its strong defenses made it a critical refuge for French kings during periods when Paris was threatened by English forces.

4. Other French Palaces and Castles

Throughout the French realm, the nobility and royalty maintained many castles and palaces which played strategic and residential roles during the war. Notably, the Château de Chinon, Château de Saumur, and Château de Pierrefonds served as centers of power and military coordination. shutdown123